2021
Contribution to book
Restricted
Virtual clones for cultural heritage applications
Potenziani M., Banterle F., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Ponchio F., Scopigno R.
Digital technologies are now mature for producing high quality digital replicas of Cultural Heritage (CH) artifacts. The research results produced in the last decade have shown an impressive evolution and consolidation of the technologies for acquiring high-quality digital 3D models, encompassing both geometry and color (or, better, surface reflectance properties). Some recent technologies for constructing 3D models enriched by a high-quality encoding of the color attribute will be presented. The focus of this paper is to show and discuss practical solutions, which could be deployed without requiring the installation of a specific or sophisticated acquisition lab setup. In the second part of this paper, we focus on new solutions for the interactive visualization of complex models, adequate for modern communication channels such as the web and the mobile platforms. Together with the algorithms and approaches, we show also some practical examples where high-quality 3D models have been used in CH research, restoration and conservation.Source: From Pen to Pixel - Studies of the Roman Forum and the Digital Future of World Heritage, edited by Fortini Patrizia, Krusche Krupali, pp. 225–233. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2021
Potenziani M., Banterle F., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Ponchio F., Scopigno R.
Digital technologies are now mature for producing high quality digital replicas of Cultural Heritage (CH) artifacts. The research results produced in the last decade have shown an impressive evolution and consolidation of the technologies for acquiring high-quality digital 3D models, encompassing both geometry and color (or, better, surface reflectance properties). Some recent technologies for constructing 3D models enriched by a high-quality encoding of the color attribute will be presented. The focus of this paper is to show and discuss practical solutions, which could be deployed without requiring the installation of a specific or sophisticated acquisition lab setup. In the second part of this paper, we focus on new solutions for the interactive visualization of complex models, adequate for modern communication channels such as the web and the mobile platforms. Together with the algorithms and approaches, we show also some practical examples where high-quality 3D models have been used in CH research, restoration and conservation.Source: From Pen to Pixel - Studies of the Roman Forum and the Digital Future of World Heritage, edited by Fortini Patrizia, Krusche Krupali, pp. 225–233. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2021
See at:
www.lerma.it 
| CNR ExploRA
2020
Journal article
Open Access
Effective annotations over 3D models
Ponchio F., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Scopigno R.
Annotation support in interactive systems is often considered a simple task by the CG community, since it entails the apparently easy selection of a region and its connection with some information. The reality appears more complex. The scope of this paper is twofold: first, to review the status of this domain, discussing and characterizing several approaches proposed in literature to manage annotations over geometric models; second, to present in detail an innovative solution proposed and assessed in the framework of Cultural Heritage (CH) applications, called ClippingVolumes. At the annotation definition stage ClippingVolumes uses 3D data to characterize the annotation region; subsequently, annotations are visualized by adopting a two-pass rendering solution which uses stencil buffers, thus without introducing new geometric elements, changing the topology or duplicating geometry elements. It solves most of the issues that afflict the current state of the art, such as fragmentation, annotation transfer to multiple representations, and multi-resolution data encoding. The latter is a mandatory requirement to produce efficient web-based systems. We implemented and we fully tested this approach in the framework of a complex system that supports the documentation of CH restoration projects.Source: Computer graphics forum (Online) 39 (2020): 89–105. doi:10.1111/cgf.13664
DOI: 10.1111/cgf.13664
Metrics:
Ponchio F., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Scopigno R.
Annotation support in interactive systems is often considered a simple task by the CG community, since it entails the apparently easy selection of a region and its connection with some information. The reality appears more complex. The scope of this paper is twofold: first, to review the status of this domain, discussing and characterizing several approaches proposed in literature to manage annotations over geometric models; second, to present in detail an innovative solution proposed and assessed in the framework of Cultural Heritage (CH) applications, called ClippingVolumes. At the annotation definition stage ClippingVolumes uses 3D data to characterize the annotation region; subsequently, annotations are visualized by adopting a two-pass rendering solution which uses stencil buffers, thus without introducing new geometric elements, changing the topology or duplicating geometry elements. It solves most of the issues that afflict the current state of the art, such as fragmentation, annotation transfer to multiple representations, and multi-resolution data encoding. The latter is a mandatory requirement to produce efficient web-based systems. We implemented and we fully tested this approach in the framework of a complex system that supports the documentation of CH restoration projects.Source: Computer graphics forum (Online) 39 (2020): 89–105. doi:10.1111/cgf.13664
DOI: 10.1111/cgf.13664
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository 
| Computer Graphics Forum | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | CNR ExploRA
2019
Journal article
Restricted
Semi-automated cleaning of laser scanning campaigns with machine learning
Marais P., Dellepiane M., Cignoni P., Scopigno R.
Terrestrial laser scanning campaigns provide an important means to document the 3D structure of historical sites. Unfortunately, the process of converting the 3D point clouds acquired by the laser scanner into a coherent and accurate 3D model has many stages and is not generally automated. In particular, the initial cleaning stage of the pipeline--in which undesired scene points are deleted--remains largely manual and is usually labour intensive. In this article, we introduce a semi-automated cleaning approach that incrementally trains a random forest (RF) classifier on an initial keep/discard point labelling generated by the user when cleaning the first scan(s). The classifier is then used to predict the labelling of the next scan in the sequence. Before this classification is presented to the user, a denoising post-process, based on the 2D range map representation of the laser scan, is applied. This significantly reduces small isolated point clusters that the user would otherwise have to fix. The user then selects the remaining incorrectly labelled points and these are weighted, based on a confidence estimate, and fed back into the classifier to retrain it for the next scan. Our experiments, across 8 scanning campaigns, show that when the scan campaign is coherent, i.e., it does not contain widely disparate or contradictory data, the classifier yields a keep/discard labelling that typically ranges between 95% and 99%. This is somewhat surprising, given that the data in each class can represent many object types, such as a tree, person, wall, and so on, and that no further effort beyond the point labeling of keep/discard is required of the user. We conducted an informal timing experiment over a 15-scan campaign, which compared the processing time required by our software, without user interaction (point label correction) time, against the time taken by an expert user to completely clean all scans. The expert user required 95mins to complete all cleaning. The average time required by the expert to clean a single scan was 6.3mins. Even with current unoptimized code, our system was able to generate keep/discard labels for all scans, with 98% (average) accuracy, in 75mins. This leaves as much as 20mins for the user input required to relabel the 2% of mispredicted points across the set of scans before the full system time would match the expert's cleaning time.Source: ACM journal on computing and cultural heritage (Print) 12 (2019). doi:10.1145/3292027
DOI: 10.1145/3292027
Metrics:
Marais P., Dellepiane M., Cignoni P., Scopigno R.
Terrestrial laser scanning campaigns provide an important means to document the 3D structure of historical sites. Unfortunately, the process of converting the 3D point clouds acquired by the laser scanner into a coherent and accurate 3D model has many stages and is not generally automated. In particular, the initial cleaning stage of the pipeline--in which undesired scene points are deleted--remains largely manual and is usually labour intensive. In this article, we introduce a semi-automated cleaning approach that incrementally trains a random forest (RF) classifier on an initial keep/discard point labelling generated by the user when cleaning the first scan(s). The classifier is then used to predict the labelling of the next scan in the sequence. Before this classification is presented to the user, a denoising post-process, based on the 2D range map representation of the laser scan, is applied. This significantly reduces small isolated point clusters that the user would otherwise have to fix. The user then selects the remaining incorrectly labelled points and these are weighted, based on a confidence estimate, and fed back into the classifier to retrain it for the next scan. Our experiments, across 8 scanning campaigns, show that when the scan campaign is coherent, i.e., it does not contain widely disparate or contradictory data, the classifier yields a keep/discard labelling that typically ranges between 95% and 99%. This is somewhat surprising, given that the data in each class can represent many object types, such as a tree, person, wall, and so on, and that no further effort beyond the point labeling of keep/discard is required of the user. We conducted an informal timing experiment over a 15-scan campaign, which compared the processing time required by our software, without user interaction (point label correction) time, against the time taken by an expert user to completely clean all scans. The expert user required 95mins to complete all cleaning. The average time required by the expert to clean a single scan was 6.3mins. Even with current unoptimized code, our system was able to generate keep/discard labels for all scans, with 98% (average) accuracy, in 75mins. This leaves as much as 20mins for the user input required to relabel the 2% of mispredicted points across the set of scans before the full system time would match the expert's cleaning time.Source: ACM journal on computing and cultural heritage (Print) 12 (2019). doi:10.1145/3292027
DOI: 10.1145/3292027
Metrics:
See at:
dl.acm.org | Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage | CNR ExploRA
2019
Contribution to book
Unknown
Rilievo 3D di Alchimia, ed uso dei modelli 3D per studio e divulgazione
Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Lureau A., Pavoni G., Pingi P., Potenziani M., Scopigno R.
Le tecniche di digitalizzazione 3D si sono fatte largo prepotentemente nel campo dei beni culturali. Dalle prime sperimentazioni dell'utilizzo di modelli 3D di due decenni fa, si è arrivati oggi ad una ampia diffusione e democratizzazione di queste tecnologie, fino a poter dire che la digitalizzazione 3D è uno strumento ormai essenziale nella maggior parte dei progetti di conservazione, restauro, documentazione e studio dei beni culturali. Nell'ultimo periodo, poi, anche le tecnologie di riproduzione fisica da modelli 3D (3D printing e la prototipazione rapida) stanno entrando nella routine di queste tipologie di azione. Un aspetto chiave dei modelli digitali 3D risiede nella loro "doppia natura": -i modelli 3D sono pura informazione numerica e geometrica, sono fatti, cioè, di numeri che rappresentano le misure e la forma di un oggetto fisico. Hanno dunque proprietà metriche, e le misure in essi contenute possono essere usate per calcoli tecnici, documentazione, simulazione e riproduzione fisica; -i modelli 3D però hanno anche un aspetto "visuale", cioè possono essere visualizzati e disegnati a schermo formando immagini che, visivamente, corrispondono alla percezione che noi avremmo davanti all'oggetto reale (specialmente quando il modello 3D geometrico è corredato anche di informazione di tessitura o colore). Questa doppia natura unisce una precisione, una scientificità del dato, alla possibilità di interagire con esso in maniera naturale, come faremmo con l'oggetto reale. Se è vero che nelle prime sperimentazioni, i modelli 3D sono stati utilizzati solamente come fonte di misure e di dati, oppure solo come "gadget visuale" per presentare al pubblico l'oggetto d'arte, possiamo dire che oggi, con il progredire delle tecnologie, e soprattutto con la definizione di protocolli di lavoro più completi, questi due aspetti riescono ad essere sfruttati appieno in maniera congiunta. In questo lavoro, per l'appunto, è stato possibile sfruttare appieno le potenzialità del media digitale 3D, sia dal punto di vista scientifico-documentale, che come strumento di disseminazione e di coinvolgimento del pubblico.Source: Alchimia di Jackson Pollock - Viaggio all'interno della materia, edited by Luciano Pensabene Buemi, Francesca Bettini, Roberto Bellucci, pp. 145–154. Firenze: Edifir - Edizioni Firenze s.r.l., 2019
Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Lureau A., Pavoni G., Pingi P., Potenziani M., Scopigno R.
Le tecniche di digitalizzazione 3D si sono fatte largo prepotentemente nel campo dei beni culturali. Dalle prime sperimentazioni dell'utilizzo di modelli 3D di due decenni fa, si è arrivati oggi ad una ampia diffusione e democratizzazione di queste tecnologie, fino a poter dire che la digitalizzazione 3D è uno strumento ormai essenziale nella maggior parte dei progetti di conservazione, restauro, documentazione e studio dei beni culturali. Nell'ultimo periodo, poi, anche le tecnologie di riproduzione fisica da modelli 3D (3D printing e la prototipazione rapida) stanno entrando nella routine di queste tipologie di azione. Un aspetto chiave dei modelli digitali 3D risiede nella loro "doppia natura": -i modelli 3D sono pura informazione numerica e geometrica, sono fatti, cioè, di numeri che rappresentano le misure e la forma di un oggetto fisico. Hanno dunque proprietà metriche, e le misure in essi contenute possono essere usate per calcoli tecnici, documentazione, simulazione e riproduzione fisica; -i modelli 3D però hanno anche un aspetto "visuale", cioè possono essere visualizzati e disegnati a schermo formando immagini che, visivamente, corrispondono alla percezione che noi avremmo davanti all'oggetto reale (specialmente quando il modello 3D geometrico è corredato anche di informazione di tessitura o colore). Questa doppia natura unisce una precisione, una scientificità del dato, alla possibilità di interagire con esso in maniera naturale, come faremmo con l'oggetto reale. Se è vero che nelle prime sperimentazioni, i modelli 3D sono stati utilizzati solamente come fonte di misure e di dati, oppure solo come "gadget visuale" per presentare al pubblico l'oggetto d'arte, possiamo dire che oggi, con il progredire delle tecnologie, e soprattutto con la definizione di protocolli di lavoro più completi, questi due aspetti riescono ad essere sfruttati appieno in maniera congiunta. In questo lavoro, per l'appunto, è stato possibile sfruttare appieno le potenzialità del media digitale 3D, sia dal punto di vista scientifico-documentale, che come strumento di disseminazione e di coinvolgimento del pubblico.Source: Alchimia di Jackson Pollock - Viaggio all'interno della materia, edited by Luciano Pensabene Buemi, Francesca Bettini, Roberto Bellucci, pp. 145–154. Firenze: Edifir - Edizioni Firenze s.r.l., 2019
See at: CNR ExploRA
2019
Conference article
Open Access
A complete framework operating spatially-oriented RTI in a 3D/2D cultural heritage documentation and analysis tool
Pamart A., Ponchio F., Abergel V., Alaoui M'darhri A., Corsini M., Dellepiane M., Morlet F., Scopign R., De Luca L.
Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) are two of the most used image-based techniques when documenting and analyzing Cultural Heritage (CH) objects. Nevertheless, their potential impact in supporting study and analysis of conservation status of CH assets is reduced as they remain mostly applied and analyzed separately. This is mostly because we miss easy-to-use tools for of a spatial registration of multimodal data and features for joint visualisation gaps. The aim of this paper is to describe a complete framework for an effective data fusion and to present a user friendly viewer enabling the joint visual analysis of 2D/3D data and RTI images. This contribution is framed by the on-going implementation of automatic multimodal registration (3D, 2D RGB and RTI) into a collaborative web platform (AIOLI) enabling the management of hybrid representations through an intuitive visualization framework and also supporting semantic enrichment through spatialized 2D/3D annotations.Source: 8th International Workshop 3D-ARCH "3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures", pp. 573–580, Bergamo, Italy, 6-8 February 2019
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-573-2019
Metrics:
Pamart A., Ponchio F., Abergel V., Alaoui M'darhri A., Corsini M., Dellepiane M., Morlet F., Scopign R., De Luca L.
Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) are two of the most used image-based techniques when documenting and analyzing Cultural Heritage (CH) objects. Nevertheless, their potential impact in supporting study and analysis of conservation status of CH assets is reduced as they remain mostly applied and analyzed separately. This is mostly because we miss easy-to-use tools for of a spatial registration of multimodal data and features for joint visualisation gaps. The aim of this paper is to describe a complete framework for an effective data fusion and to present a user friendly viewer enabling the joint visual analysis of 2D/3D data and RTI images. This contribution is framed by the on-going implementation of automatic multimodal registration (3D, 2D RGB and RTI) into a collaborative web platform (AIOLI) enabling the management of hybrid representations through an intuitive visualization framework and also supporting semantic enrichment through spatialized 2D/3D annotations.Source: 8th International Workshop 3D-ARCH "3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures", pp. 573–580, Bergamo, Italy, 6-8 February 2019
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-573-2019
Metrics:
See at:
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences | ISTI Repository | ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences | Hyper Article en Ligne | CNR ExploRA
2018
Journal article
Open Access
A 3D-centered information system for the documentation of a complex restoration intervention
Apollonio F. I., Basilissi V., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Gaiani M., Ponchio F., Rizzo F., Rubino A. R., Scopigno R., Sobrà G.
Restoration is becoming a quite complex process: a large number of internal and external variables co-exist and may impair it. Among these, the large number of professionals involved and the huge amount of documentation produced can heavily affect the quality of the intervention as well as the possibility to have systemic and informed interventions in the future. In particular, a standardized method for storing restoration data and accessing them is still lacking, and the use of new technologies is still limited and/or not scalable. The paper describes the process of designing and testing an information system (IS) based on three-dimensional (3D) data, aimed to support the restoration of Neptune's Fountain in Bologna. In preparation of the restoration, a major effort was carried out to design and implement a web-based IS able to host all of the data produced, to allow the conservation-restoration specialists to interact on-site with an accurate 3D representation of the elements of the fountain, and to directly reference all information and data produced on the geometry of the model. The paper focuses on the challenges and adopted solutions related to the use of 3D models and the data mapping on 3D surfaces in the context of restoration documentation. Highly detailed visualizations of the models, easy navigation, and usable functionalities to add information directly on the 3D model have been achieved by extending the available solutions and by implementing new mechanisms to overcome the limitations of WebGL and remote rendering. Neptune IS' development has been extensively experimented in a real context of use. Results and knowledge from the experimentation currently represents the basis for evolving Neptune IS into a possible generic and flexible platform for documentation management in the field of restoration and related methodologies.Source: Journal of cultural heritage 29 (2018): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2017.07.010
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2017.07.010
Metrics:
Apollonio F. I., Basilissi V., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Gaiani M., Ponchio F., Rizzo F., Rubino A. R., Scopigno R., Sobrà G.
Restoration is becoming a quite complex process: a large number of internal and external variables co-exist and may impair it. Among these, the large number of professionals involved and the huge amount of documentation produced can heavily affect the quality of the intervention as well as the possibility to have systemic and informed interventions in the future. In particular, a standardized method for storing restoration data and accessing them is still lacking, and the use of new technologies is still limited and/or not scalable. The paper describes the process of designing and testing an information system (IS) based on three-dimensional (3D) data, aimed to support the restoration of Neptune's Fountain in Bologna. In preparation of the restoration, a major effort was carried out to design and implement a web-based IS able to host all of the data produced, to allow the conservation-restoration specialists to interact on-site with an accurate 3D representation of the elements of the fountain, and to directly reference all information and data produced on the geometry of the model. The paper focuses on the challenges and adopted solutions related to the use of 3D models and the data mapping on 3D surfaces in the context of restoration documentation. Highly detailed visualizations of the models, easy navigation, and usable functionalities to add information directly on the 3D model have been achieved by extending the available solutions and by implementing new mechanisms to overcome the limitations of WebGL and remote rendering. Neptune IS' development has been extensively experimented in a real context of use. Results and knowledge from the experimentation currently represents the basis for evolving Neptune IS into a possible generic and flexible platform for documentation management in the field of restoration and related methodologies.Source: Journal of cultural heritage 29 (2018): 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2017.07.010
DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2017.07.010
Metrics:
See at:
Journal of Cultural Heritage | RE.PUBLIC@POLIMI Research Publications at Politecnico di Milano | Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna | ISTI Repository | Journal of Cultural Heritage | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR ExploRA
2018
Conference article
Open Access
Soft transparency for point cloud rendering
Seemann P, Palma G., Dellepiane M., Cignoni P., Goesele M.
We propose a novel rendering framework for visualizing point data with complex structures and/or different quality of data. The point cloud can be characterized by setting a per-point scalar field associated to the aspect that differentiates the parts of the dataset (i.e. uncertainty given by local normal variation). Our rendering method uses the scalar field to render points as solid splats or semi-transparent spheres with non-uniform density to produce the final image. To that end, we derive a base model for integrating density in (intersecting) spheres for both the uniform and non-uniform setting and introduce a simple and fast approximation which yields interactive rendering speeds for millions of points. Because our method only relies on the basic OpenGL rasterization pipeline, rendering properties can be adjusted in real-time by user. The method has been tested on several datasets with different characteristics, and user studies show that a clearer understanding of the scene is possible in comparison with point splatting techniques and basic transparency rendering.Source: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - Experimental Ideas & Implementations, pp. 95–106, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1-4 July 2018
DOI: 10.2312/sre.20181176
Metrics:
Seemann P, Palma G., Dellepiane M., Cignoni P., Goesele M.
We propose a novel rendering framework for visualizing point data with complex structures and/or different quality of data. The point cloud can be characterized by setting a per-point scalar field associated to the aspect that differentiates the parts of the dataset (i.e. uncertainty given by local normal variation). Our rendering method uses the scalar field to render points as solid splats or semi-transparent spheres with non-uniform density to produce the final image. To that end, we derive a base model for integrating density in (intersecting) spheres for both the uniform and non-uniform setting and introduce a simple and fast approximation which yields interactive rendering speeds for millions of points. Because our method only relies on the basic OpenGL rasterization pipeline, rendering properties can be adjusted in real-time by user. The method has been tested on several datasets with different characteristics, and user studies show that a clearer understanding of the scene is possible in comparison with point splatting techniques and basic transparency rendering.Source: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - Experimental Ideas & Implementations, pp. 95–106, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1-4 July 2018
DOI: 10.2312/sre.20181176
Metrics:
See at:
diglib.eg.org | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2018
Contribution to book
Open Access
Using digital 3D technology for documenting and studying the Griffin
Callieri M., Scopigno R., Dellepiane M.
The digitization of the Griffin aimed at producing a very high-resolution and accurate sampling of its shape and of its surface decoration and colour, thus touching the spheres of both the 2D and 3D representation. The Griffin is a remarkable object that imposed a number of constraints in the planning and implementation of its digitization. The constraints were both in the complex shape of the Griffin (since the representation of the overall shape should be paired by an accurate sampling of the very thin decorations carved on the surface of the statue) and the dark and often reflective bronze surface.Source: The Pisa Griffin and the Mari-Cha Lion. Metalwork, Art, and Technology in the Medieval Islamicate Mediterranean, edited by Anna Contadini, pp. 145–157, 2018
Callieri M., Scopigno R., Dellepiane M.
The digitization of the Griffin aimed at producing a very high-resolution and accurate sampling of its shape and of its surface decoration and colour, thus touching the spheres of both the 2D and 3D representation. The Griffin is a remarkable object that imposed a number of constraints in the planning and implementation of its digitization. The constraints were both in the complex shape of the Griffin (since the representation of the overall shape should be paired by an accurate sampling of the very thin decorations carved on the surface of the statue) and the dark and often reflective bronze surface.Source: The Pisa Griffin and the Mari-Cha Lion. Metalwork, Art, and Technology in the Medieval Islamicate Mediterranean, edited by Anna Contadini, pp. 145–157, 2018
See at:
ISTI Repository | www.pacinieditore.it | CNR ExploRA
2018
Journal article
Open Access
Quasi-orthorectified projection for the measurement of red gorgonian colonies
Pavoni G., Palma M., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Cerrano C., Pantaleo U., Scopigno R.
This study presents a practical method to estimate dimensions of Paramuricea clavata colonies using generic photographic datasets collected across wide areas. Paramuricea clavata is a non-rigid, tree-like octocoral; this morphology greatly affects the quality of the sea fans multi-view stereo matching reconstruction, resulting in hazy and incoherent clouds, full of "false" points with random orientation. Therefore, the standard procedure to take measurements over a reconstructed textured surface in 3D space is impractical. Our method overcomes this problem by using quasi-orthorectified images, produced by projecting registered photos on the plane that best fits the point cloud of the colony. The assessments of the measures collected have been performed comparing ground truth data set and time series images of the same set of colonies. The measurement errors fall below the requirements for this type of ecological observations. Compared to previous works, the presented method does not require a detailed reconstruction of individual colonies, but relies on a global multi-view stereo reconstruction performed through a comprehensive photographic coverage of the area of interest, using a low-cost pre-calibrated camera. This approach drastically reduces the time spent working on the field, helping practitioners and scientists in improving efficiency and accuracy in their monitoring plans.Source: The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences (Print) 42 (2018): 853–860. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-853-2018
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-853-2018
Metrics:
Pavoni G., Palma M., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Cerrano C., Pantaleo U., Scopigno R.
This study presents a practical method to estimate dimensions of Paramuricea clavata colonies using generic photographic datasets collected across wide areas. Paramuricea clavata is a non-rigid, tree-like octocoral; this morphology greatly affects the quality of the sea fans multi-view stereo matching reconstruction, resulting in hazy and incoherent clouds, full of "false" points with random orientation. Therefore, the standard procedure to take measurements over a reconstructed textured surface in 3D space is impractical. Our method overcomes this problem by using quasi-orthorectified images, produced by projecting registered photos on the plane that best fits the point cloud of the colony. The assessments of the measures collected have been performed comparing ground truth data set and time series images of the same set of colonies. The measurement errors fall below the requirements for this type of ecological observations. Compared to previous works, the presented method does not require a detailed reconstruction of individual colonies, but relies on a global multi-view stereo reconstruction performed through a comprehensive photographic coverage of the area of interest, using a low-cost pre-calibrated camera. This approach drastically reduces the time spent working on the field, helping practitioners and scientists in improving efficiency and accuracy in their monitoring plans.Source: The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences (Print) 42 (2018): 853–860. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-853-2018
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-853-2018
Metrics:
See at:
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences | ISTI Repository | ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences | The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences | CNR ExploRA
2018
Journal article
Open Access
Publishing and consuming 3D content on the Web. A survey
Potenziani M., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Scopigno R.
Three-dimensional content is becoming an important component of the World Wide Web environment. From the advent of WebGL to the present, a wide number of solutions have been developed (including libraries, middleware, and applications), encouraging the establishment of 3D data as online media of practical use. The fast development of 3D technologies and related web-based resources makes it difficult to identify and properly understand the current trends and open issues. Starting from these premises, this survey analyzes the state of the art of 3D web publishing, reviews the possibilities provided by the major current approaches, proposes a categorization of the features supported by existing solutions, and cross-maps these with the requirements of a few main application domains. The results of this analysis should help in defining the technical characteristics needed to build efficient and effective 3D data presentation, taking into account the application contexts.Source: Foundations and trends in computer graphics and vision 10 (2018): 244–333. doi:10.1561/0600000083
DOI: 10.1561/0600000083
Metrics:
Potenziani M., Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Scopigno R.
Three-dimensional content is becoming an important component of the World Wide Web environment. From the advent of WebGL to the present, a wide number of solutions have been developed (including libraries, middleware, and applications), encouraging the establishment of 3D data as online media of practical use. The fast development of 3D technologies and related web-based resources makes it difficult to identify and properly understand the current trends and open issues. Starting from these premises, this survey analyzes the state of the art of 3D web publishing, reviews the possibilities provided by the major current approaches, proposes a categorization of the features supported by existing solutions, and cross-maps these with the requirements of a few main application domains. The results of this analysis should help in defining the technical characteristics needed to build efficient and effective 3D data presentation, taking into account the application contexts.Source: Foundations and trends in computer graphics and vision 10 (2018): 244–333. doi:10.1561/0600000083
DOI: 10.1561/0600000083
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision | www.nowpublishers.com | CNR ExploRA
2017
Journal article
Open Access
Digital Fabrication Techniques for Cultural Heritage: A Survey
Scopigno R., Cignoni P., Pietroni N., Callieri M., Dellepiane M.
Digital fabrication devices exploit basic technologies in order to create tangible reproductions of 3D digital models. Although current 3D printing pipelines still suffer from several restrictions, accuracy in reproduction has reached an excellent level. The manufacturing industry has been the main domain of 3D printing applications over the last decade. Digital fabrication techniques have also been demonstrated to be effective in many other contexts, including the consumer domain. The Cultural Heritage is one of the new application contexts and is an ideal domain to test the flexibility and quality of this new technology. This survey overviews the various fabrication technologies, discussing their strengths, limitations and costs. Various successful uses of 3D printing in the Cultural Heritage are analysed, which should also be useful for other application contexts. We review works that have attempted to extend fabrication technologies in order to deal with the specific issues in the use of digital fabrication in the Cultural Heritage. Finally, we also propose areas for future research.Source: Computer graphics forum (Online) 36 (2017): 6–21. doi:10.1111/cgf.12781
DOI: 10.1111/cgf.12781
Metrics:
Scopigno R., Cignoni P., Pietroni N., Callieri M., Dellepiane M.
Digital fabrication devices exploit basic technologies in order to create tangible reproductions of 3D digital models. Although current 3D printing pipelines still suffer from several restrictions, accuracy in reproduction has reached an excellent level. The manufacturing industry has been the main domain of 3D printing applications over the last decade. Digital fabrication techniques have also been demonstrated to be effective in many other contexts, including the consumer domain. The Cultural Heritage is one of the new application contexts and is an ideal domain to test the flexibility and quality of this new technology. This survey overviews the various fabrication technologies, discussing their strengths, limitations and costs. Various successful uses of 3D printing in the Cultural Heritage are analysed, which should also be useful for other application contexts. We review works that have attempted to extend fabrication technologies in order to deal with the specific issues in the use of digital fabrication in the Cultural Heritage. Finally, we also propose areas for future research.Source: Computer graphics forum (Online) 36 (2017): 6–21. doi:10.1111/cgf.12781
DOI: 10.1111/cgf.12781
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | Computer Graphics Forum | onlinelibrary.wiley.com | CNR ExploRA
2017
Contribution to book
Restricted
Integration and analysis of sampled data: visualization approaches and platforms
Scopigno R., Dellepiane M.
The evolution of digitization technologies (2D and 3D) and the consequent wide availability of digital representations of artworks has ignited a number of works aimed at providing tools and platforms for archival, visual presentation, and integration of all those media. This chapter reviews some available instruments, focusing first on the platforms that could support the CH/DH professional in the single or cross-analysis of multimedia representations. Then, we discuss the available approaches for structuring and integrating the available data, presenting both the GIS-based solutions and the more recent Web-based systems. Some discussion on open issues concludes the contribution.Source: Sensing the Past : from artifact to historical site, edited by Nicola Masini, Francesco Soldovieri, pp. 377–393, 2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50518-3
Metrics:
Scopigno R., Dellepiane M.
The evolution of digitization technologies (2D and 3D) and the consequent wide availability of digital representations of artworks has ignited a number of works aimed at providing tools and platforms for archival, visual presentation, and integration of all those media. This chapter reviews some available instruments, focusing first on the platforms that could support the CH/DH professional in the single or cross-analysis of multimedia representations. Then, we discuss the available approaches for structuring and integrating the available data, presenting both the GIS-based solutions and the more recent Web-based systems. Some discussion on open issues concludes the contribution.Source: Sensing the Past : from artifact to historical site, edited by Nicola Masini, Francesco Soldovieri, pp. 377–393, 2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50518-3
Metrics:
See at:
doi.org | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2017
Report
Open Access
ISTI Young Research Award 2017
Barsocchi P., Basile D., Candela L., Ciancia V., Delle Piane M., Esuli A., Ferrari A., Girardi M., Guidotti R., Lonetti F., Moroni D., Nardini F. M., Rinzivillo S., Vadicamo L.
The ISTI Young Researcher Award is an award for young people of Institute of Information Science and Technologies (ISTI) with high scientific production. In particular, the award is granted to young staff members (less than 35 years old) by assessing the yearly scientific production of the year preceding the award. This report documents procedure and results of the 2017 edition of the award.Source: ISTI Technical reports, 2017
Barsocchi P., Basile D., Candela L., Ciancia V., Delle Piane M., Esuli A., Ferrari A., Girardi M., Guidotti R., Lonetti F., Moroni D., Nardini F. M., Rinzivillo S., Vadicamo L.
The ISTI Young Researcher Award is an award for young people of Institute of Information Science and Technologies (ISTI) with high scientific production. In particular, the award is granted to young staff members (less than 35 years old) by assessing the yearly scientific production of the year preceding the award. This report documents procedure and results of the 2017 edition of the award.Source: ISTI Technical reports, 2017
See at:
ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2017
Contribution to book
Open Access
Techniques for seamless color registration and mapping on dense 3D models
Pintus R., Gobbetti E., Callieri M., Dellepiane M.
Today's most widely used 3D digitization approach is a combination of active geometric sensing, mainly using laser scanning, with active or passive color sensing, mostly using digital photography. Producing a seamless colored object, starting from a geometric representation and a set of photographs, is a data fusion problem requiring effective solutions for image-to-geometry registration, and color mapping and blending. This chapter provides a brief survey of the state-of-the-art solutions, ranging from manual approaches to fully scalable automated methods.Source: Sensing the past: from artifact to historical site, edited by Nicola Masini, Francesco Soldovieri, pp. 355–376, 2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50518-3_17
Project(s): Scan4Reco
Metrics:
Pintus R., Gobbetti E., Callieri M., Dellepiane M.
Today's most widely used 3D digitization approach is a combination of active geometric sensing, mainly using laser scanning, with active or passive color sensing, mostly using digital photography. Producing a seamless colored object, starting from a geometric representation and a set of photographs, is a data fusion problem requiring effective solutions for image-to-geometry registration, and color mapping and blending. This chapter provides a brief survey of the state-of-the-art solutions, ranging from manual approaches to fully scalable automated methods.Source: Sensing the past: from artifact to historical site, edited by Nicola Masini, Francesco Soldovieri, pp. 355–376, 2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50518-3_17
Project(s): Scan4Reco
Metrics:
See at:
CRS4 Open Archive | Geotechnologies and the Environment | link.springer.com | CNR ExploRA
2017
Journal article
Open Access
Assisted color acquisition for 3D models
Coutinho D., Marroquim R., Dellepiane M., Scopigno R.
Capturing surface appearance precisely is paramount for modeling realistic materials. Nevertheless, the spatially varying nature of most materials is difficult to measure. State-of-the-art methods often rely on complex apparatus and controlled environments, and even if they are able to acquire reliable SVBRDFs, the whole process usually takes a long time and generates a large amount of data, that is often redundant. In this work, we propose a method for fast and assisted acquisition of material properties on-site. The system has a simple setup, requiring only a generic camera and a light source. Consequently, it is also very portable and appropriate for a broad range of object sizes and scenarios. The system guides the acquisition process, allowing for a fast capture session while at the same time producing high-quality per vertex diffuse colors. To help in achieving a complete coverage it suggests missing light directions, reducing the amount of necessary input images and the acquisition time. The system is designed to work in situ, therefore the whole acquisition process works with immediate feedback and interactive integration of new data. We show results for a variety of objects differing in size and materials.Source: Computers & graphics 68 (2017): 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.cag.2017.08.011
DOI: 10.1016/j.cag.2017.08.011
Metrics:
Coutinho D., Marroquim R., Dellepiane M., Scopigno R.
Capturing surface appearance precisely is paramount for modeling realistic materials. Nevertheless, the spatially varying nature of most materials is difficult to measure. State-of-the-art methods often rely on complex apparatus and controlled environments, and even if they are able to acquire reliable SVBRDFs, the whole process usually takes a long time and generates a large amount of data, that is often redundant. In this work, we propose a method for fast and assisted acquisition of material properties on-site. The system has a simple setup, requiring only a generic camera and a light source. Consequently, it is also very portable and appropriate for a broad range of object sizes and scenarios. The system guides the acquisition process, allowing for a fast capture session while at the same time producing high-quality per vertex diffuse colors. To help in achieving a complete coverage it suggests missing light directions, reducing the amount of necessary input images and the acquisition time. The system is designed to work in situ, therefore the whole acquisition process works with immediate feedback and interactive integration of new data. We show results for a variety of objects differing in size and materials.Source: Computers & graphics 68 (2017): 119–128. doi:10.1016/j.cag.2017.08.011
DOI: 10.1016/j.cag.2017.08.011
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | www.sciencedirect.com | Computers & Graphics | CNR ExploRA
2017
Conference article
Open Access
The ArchAIDE project: results and perspectives after the first year
Banterle F., Dellepiane M., Evans T., Gattiglia G., Itkin B., Zallocco M.
The ArchAIDE project is a Horizon 2020 project that has the main goal to digitally support the day-to-day operations on the field of archaeologists. This allows them to reduce time and costs of delivering an accurate and quick classification of ancient pottery artifacts. To effectively reach such ambitious goal, the project has several sub-goals: (semi-)automatic digitalization of archaeological catalogs, a mobile app to be used on site for live classification of sherds with the generation of a complete potsherds identity card (ready for print), and an on-line database with real-time visualization of data. In this paper, we describe the work carried out during the first year of life of this project. The main focus is on the procedure for digitizing paper catalogs in an automatic way, and more precisely we will discuss: archeologist's methodologies, digitalization of text, vectorization of technical drawings, and shape-based classification of virtual fragments.Source: 15th Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, pp. 161–164, Graz, Austria, 27-29 September 2017
DOI: 10.2312/gch.20171308
Project(s): ArchAIDE
Metrics:
Banterle F., Dellepiane M., Evans T., Gattiglia G., Itkin B., Zallocco M.
The ArchAIDE project is a Horizon 2020 project that has the main goal to digitally support the day-to-day operations on the field of archaeologists. This allows them to reduce time and costs of delivering an accurate and quick classification of ancient pottery artifacts. To effectively reach such ambitious goal, the project has several sub-goals: (semi-)automatic digitalization of archaeological catalogs, a mobile app to be used on site for live classification of sherds with the generation of a complete potsherds identity card (ready for print), and an on-line database with real-time visualization of data. In this paper, we describe the work carried out during the first year of life of this project. The main focus is on the procedure for digitizing paper catalogs in an automatic way, and more precisely we will discuss: archeologist's methodologies, digitalization of text, vectorization of technical drawings, and shape-based classification of virtual fragments.Source: 15th Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, pp. 161–164, Graz, Austria, 27-29 September 2017
DOI: 10.2312/gch.20171308
Project(s): ArchAIDE
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | diglib.eg.org | CNR ExploRA
2017
Conference article
Open Access
From paper to web: automatic generation of a web-accessible 3D repository of pottery types
Dellepiane M., Callieri M., Banterle F., Arenga D., Zallocco M., Scopigno R.
3D web repositories are a hot topic for the research community in general. In the Cultural Heritage (CH) context, 3D repositories pose a difficult challenge due to the complexity and variability of models and to the need of structured and coherent metadata for browsing and searching. This paper presents one of the efforts of the ArchAIDE project: to create a structured and semantically-rich 3D database of pottery types, usable by archaeologists and other communities. For example, researchers working on shape-based analysis and automatic classification. The automated workflow described here starts from pages of a printed catalog, extracts the textual and graphical description of a pottery type, and processes those data to produce structured metadata information and a 3D representation. These information are then ingested in the database, where they become accessible by the community using dynamically-created web presentation pages, showing in a common context: 3D, 2D and metadata information.Source: Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, pp. 65–70, Graz, Austria, 27-29 September 2017
DOI: 10.2312/gch.20171293
Project(s): ArchAIDE
Metrics:
Dellepiane M., Callieri M., Banterle F., Arenga D., Zallocco M., Scopigno R.
3D web repositories are a hot topic for the research community in general. In the Cultural Heritage (CH) context, 3D repositories pose a difficult challenge due to the complexity and variability of models and to the need of structured and coherent metadata for browsing and searching. This paper presents one of the efforts of the ArchAIDE project: to create a structured and semantically-rich 3D database of pottery types, usable by archaeologists and other communities. For example, researchers working on shape-based analysis and automatic classification. The automated workflow described here starts from pages of a printed catalog, extracts the textual and graphical description of a pottery type, and processes those data to produce structured metadata information and a 3D representation. These information are then ingested in the database, where they become accessible by the community using dynamically-created web presentation pages, showing in a common context: 3D, 2D and metadata information.Source: Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, pp. 65–70, Graz, Austria, 27-29 September 2017
DOI: 10.2312/gch.20171293
Project(s): ArchAIDE
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | ISTI Repository | diglib.eg.org | CNR ExploRA
2017
Contribution to book
Unknown
Gestire e comunicare il progetto
Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Ponchio F., Scopigno R.
Il progetto di restauro della fontana del Nettuno ha posto alcune sfide, non solo nell'ambito della diagnostica e degli interventi di restauro, ma anche nel campo della gestione delle informazioni e della comunicazione relative al progetto. È, infatti, ormai ben noto come la gestione e la veicolazione delle informazioni costituiscano uno dei tratti salienti della nostra era. La sempre più ampia diffusione e utilizzazione delle tecnologie digitali - se opportunamente impiegate - da un lato possono permettere un più agevole accesso alle informazioni da parte non solo degli esperti e degli addetti ai lavori, ma anche dei cittadini comuni, e dall'altro una migliore efficacia nella gestione dei sistemi e dei processi che sono divenuti sempre più complessi, in particolar modo quando riguardano beni culturali di rilevante valore storico-artistico. In un tale contesto si è cercato di mettere a punto una strategia integrata di gestione del flusso delle informazioni che fosse in grado di garantire la gestione dell'intero ciclo di vita del monumento (relativamente alla sua storia passata, al presente del cantiere e agli anni a venire) e di avvicinare la fontana del Nettuno al cuore dei cittadini e all'interesse dei turisti, facendolo tornare a essere uno dei simboli più emblematici della città.Source: Nettuno. La fontana: studio, rogetto, restauro, edited by Marco Gaiani, pp. 171–192, 2017
Callieri M., Dellepiane M., Ponchio F., Scopigno R.
Il progetto di restauro della fontana del Nettuno ha posto alcune sfide, non solo nell'ambito della diagnostica e degli interventi di restauro, ma anche nel campo della gestione delle informazioni e della comunicazione relative al progetto. È, infatti, ormai ben noto come la gestione e la veicolazione delle informazioni costituiscano uno dei tratti salienti della nostra era. La sempre più ampia diffusione e utilizzazione delle tecnologie digitali - se opportunamente impiegate - da un lato possono permettere un più agevole accesso alle informazioni da parte non solo degli esperti e degli addetti ai lavori, ma anche dei cittadini comuni, e dall'altro una migliore efficacia nella gestione dei sistemi e dei processi che sono divenuti sempre più complessi, in particolar modo quando riguardano beni culturali di rilevante valore storico-artistico. In un tale contesto si è cercato di mettere a punto una strategia integrata di gestione del flusso delle informazioni che fosse in grado di garantire la gestione dell'intero ciclo di vita del monumento (relativamente alla sua storia passata, al presente del cantiere e agli anni a venire) e di avvicinare la fontana del Nettuno al cuore dei cittadini e all'interesse dei turisti, facendolo tornare a essere uno dei simboli più emblematici della città.Source: Nettuno. La fontana: studio, rogetto, restauro, edited by Marco Gaiani, pp. 171–192, 2017
See at: CNR ExploRA
2017
Conference article
Open Access
VaseSketch: Automatic 3D representation of pottery from paper catalog drawings
Banterle F., Dellepiane M., Callieri M., Scopigno R., Itkin B., Wolf L., Dershowitz N.
We describe an automated pipeline for digitization of catalog drawings of pottery types. This work is aimed at extracting a structured description of the main geometric features and a 3D representation of each class. The pipeline includes methods for understanding a 2D drawing and using it for constructing a 3D model of the pottery. These will be used to populate a reference database for classification of potsherds. Furthermore, we extend the pipeline with methods for breaking the 3D model to obtain synthetic sherds and methods for capturing images of these sherds in a way that matches the imaging methodology of archaeologists. These will serve to build a massive set of synthetic sherd images that will help train and test future automated classification systems.Source: ICDAR 2017 - 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 683–690, Kyoto, Japan, 9-15 Novembre 2017
DOI: 10.1109/icdar.2017.117
Project(s): ArchAIDE
Metrics:
Banterle F., Dellepiane M., Callieri M., Scopigno R., Itkin B., Wolf L., Dershowitz N.
We describe an automated pipeline for digitization of catalog drawings of pottery types. This work is aimed at extracting a structured description of the main geometric features and a 3D representation of each class. The pipeline includes methods for understanding a 2D drawing and using it for constructing a 3D model of the pottery. These will be used to populate a reference database for classification of potsherds. Furthermore, we extend the pipeline with methods for breaking the 3D model to obtain synthetic sherds and methods for capturing images of these sherds in a way that matches the imaging methodology of archaeologists. These will serve to build a massive set of synthetic sherd images that will help train and test future automated classification systems.Source: ICDAR 2017 - 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 683–690, Kyoto, Japan, 9-15 Novembre 2017
DOI: 10.1109/icdar.2017.117
Project(s): ArchAIDE
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | zenodo.org | doi.org | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2017
Journal article
Restricted
Il restauro della Fontana del Nettuno a Bologna - Un sistema 3D web per la documentazione e la gestione dei dati
Apollonio F. I., Basilissi V., Bitelli G., Callieri M., Catalano D., Dellepiane M., Gaiani M., Ponchio F., Rizzo F., Rubino A. R., Scopigno R.
In questo lavoro sono presentate le caratteristiche di un innovativo sistema di documentazione, realizzato per il restauro della Fontana del Nettuno di Bologna. Il Sistema Informativo usa un accurato modello tridimensionale per archiviare i dati raccolti in modo referenziato alla geometria 3D, per accedere agli stessi usando il modello 3D come indice spaziale ed infine per realizzare mappature direttamente sulla superficie dell'artefatto digitale analogo a quello dell'opera.Source: Archeomatica (Roma) 8 (2017): 30–34.
Apollonio F. I., Basilissi V., Bitelli G., Callieri M., Catalano D., Dellepiane M., Gaiani M., Ponchio F., Rizzo F., Rubino A. R., Scopigno R.
In questo lavoro sono presentate le caratteristiche di un innovativo sistema di documentazione, realizzato per il restauro della Fontana del Nettuno di Bologna. Il Sistema Informativo usa un accurato modello tridimensionale per archiviare i dati raccolti in modo referenziato alla geometria 3D, per accedere agli stessi usando il modello 3D come indice spaziale ed infine per realizzare mappature direttamente sulla superficie dell'artefatto digitale analogo a quello dell'opera.Source: Archeomatica (Roma) 8 (2017): 30–34.
See at:
www.archeomatica.it | CNR ExploRA